TheItalian interest group (IG) on atopic eczema and urticaria ismember of the Italian Society of Allergology and Immunology.The\naimof our IG is to provide a platformfor scientists, clinicians, and experts. In this review we discuss the role of skin microbiota not\nonly in healthy skin but also in skin suffering fromatopic dermatitis (AD). AMedline and Embase search was conducted for studies\nevaluating the role of skin microbiota.We examine microbiota composition and its developmentwithin days after birth;we describe\nthe role of specific groups of microorganisms that colonize distinct anatomical niches and the biology and clinical relevance of\nantimicrobial peptides expressed in the skin. Specific AD disease states are characterized by concurrent and anticorrelated shifts in\nmicrobial diversity and proportion of Staphylococcus.These organismsmay protect the host, defining them not as simple symbiotic\nmicrobes but rather asmutualistic microbes. These findings reveal links between microbial communities and inflammatory diseases\nsuch as AD and provide novel insights into global shifts of bacteria relevant to disease progression and treatment. This review also\nhighlights recent observations on the importance of innate immune systems and the relationship with normal skin microflora for\nthe maintenance of healthy skin.
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